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dosthbythebook郑人买履AmanofthestateofZhengwantedtobuyapairofshoes.从前,郑国有个人想买双鞋。Hemeasuredhisfootandputthemeasurementonachair.他量好了自己脚的尺码,把它放在了椅子上。Whenhesetoutforthemarket,heforgottobringitalong.可当他赶往市集时,却忘了带量好的尺码。Itwasafterhehadfoundthepairhewantedthatthisoccurredtohim.他要买鞋时,才想了起来。"Iforgotthemeasurement",saidhe.他说:“我忘带尺码了。”Hewenthometogetit.Butwhenhereturned,themarkethadclosedandhedidnotgethisshoesafterall.他回家去取量好的尺码。等他赶回来时,市集已经关了,他还是没能买到鞋。"Whydidn"tyoutryontheshoeswithyourfeet?"Hewasasked.有人问:“为什么不用你自己的脚去试一试鞋子呢?”"I"drathertrustthemeasurementthantrustmyself."他说:“我宁愿相信尺码也不相信我自己的脚。”【文化链接】成语“郑人买履”形容了一个不折不扣“不知变通”的人,做人如果“一味只知道照本宣科”,那就会变得“墨守成规”,就像这个“买鞋的郑人”一样了。英文中“郑人买履”可以用“dosthbythebook”来表达,意思就是“凡事都按照规章制度来办”,有时候引申开来意思就是“墨守陈规”了。我们一起来看一个例句:Thisisaprivatedeal-wedon"thavetodoeverythingbythebook.这是一桩私下的买卖,我们没必要都按规矩来做,这么死板。giveuphalfway半途而废DuringtheWarringStatesPeriod(475-221BC),therewasamancalledYueYangziinStateWei.战国时期,魏国有个叫乐羊子的人。YueYangzifeltthatheshouldgooutandvisitscholarstoenrichhisknowledge.Sohesetoff.乐羊子离开家到了一个很远的地方,去拜师求学。Ayearlater,hecamebackhomesuddenly."Whyhaveyoureturned?"askedhiswifeinsurprise,"You"veonlyspentoneyearstudyingwithscholars."
一年后,乐羊子突然回到家中,他的妻子很惊讶地问:“你怎么回来了?你才和那些学者学了一年呀。”"IcomebackbecauseImissedyouverymuch."乐羊子说:“我太想你了,所以回来看看。”Withoutsayinganything,hiswifetookapairofscissorsandwenttotheloomatwhichshehadworked.他的妻子听了以后,二话不说,拿起把剪刀走到她的织布机前。Pointingatthehalfdonebrocade,sheproclaimed:"Thisbrocadeiswovenfromthefinestsilk.Iwoveonestrandafteranothertoproducethebrocade.NowifIcutit,allmypreviousworkwillbewasted.It"sthesamewithyourstudies.Youcanacquireknowledgeonlythroughdiligence.Now,you"vegivenuphalfway.Isn"titthesameascuttingthebrocadeontheloom?"她指着那块已经完成了一半的锦缎说:“这块锦缎用的是最好的丝。我一丝丝的累积来织成这锦缎。如果我现在把它剪断,就等于前功尽弃。你求学也是这样。如果现在停止,和剪断织布机上的锦缎有什么区别?”YueYangziwasmovedbywhatshesaid.Heagainlefthometovisitscholars.Severalyearslaterhebecameaknowledgableman.乐羊子被妻子的话所感动,于是立刻离开家,继续拜师求学。几年后,乐羊子终于完成学业,成为一个博学的人。【文化链接】英文中“半途而废”可以用“giveuphalfway”来表达,意思就是“中途放弃”。我们一起来看几个例句:Howtonotgiveuphalfwaytoreachingmygoal?如何才能不半途而废,来达到我的最终目标呢?IhopeyouarementallypreparedtoovercomehardshipsbecauseI"veseentoomanyadventurersgiveuphalfway.我希望你能做好心理准备去克服困难,因为我见过太多半途而废的冒险家。Ifwechoosetogiveuphalfway,wearedoomedtobelosers.如果我们半途而废,我们将注定是失败者。betherejusttomakeupthenumber/pretendtobeanexpert滥竽充数DuringtheWarringStatesPeriod(475-221BC),theKingoftheStateofQiwasveryfondoflisteningtoyuensembles.Heoftengottogether300yuplayerstoformagrandmusic.战国时,齐宣王喜欢听竽,通常是三百人的大合奏。Thekingtreatedhismusiciansverywell.齐宣王给予乐师们非常优厚的待遇。AmannamedNanguoheardaboutthatandhemanagedtobecomeamemberoftheband,eventhoughhewasnotgoodatplayingtheinstrumentatall.
所以有一个叫南郭的人尽管并不擅长吹竽,也设法混进了乐队。Wheneverthebandplayedfortheking,Nanguojuststoodinthelineandpretendedtoplay.Nobodyrealizedhewasmakingnosoundatall.Asaresult,heenjoyedhistreatmentjustastheothermusiciansdid.当乐队演奏时,他就站在队伍里假装也在吹。没有人注意到其实他连一点声音也没吹出来,所以南郭也享受到和其他乐师一样的待遇。Whenthekingdied,hissonbecamethenewrulerwhoalsolikedthemusicplayedontheyu.However,hepreferredsolossothatheorderedthemusicianstoplaytheyuonebyone.Therefore,Nanguohadtorunoutofthepalace.齐宣王死后,他的儿子继承了王位。他也喜欢听竽,可是他喜欢听独奏,所以他让乐师一个个吹给他听,于是南郭不得不逃跑了。Theidiom"betherejusttomakeupthenumber"isusedtomocksomeonewhopretendtobeaspecialist.Youcanalsohearpeoplesayingitaboutthemselvestoshowtheirmodesty.“滥竽充数”这个成语用来嘲笑那些没有真正才干,却混在行家里的人。人们有时也用“滥竽充数”来表示自谦。Ifyouwishgoodadvice,consultanoldman老马识途IntheSpringandAutumnPeriod,DukeHuanofQiledanarmytoattackasmallstateinthenorth.春秋时代,齐桓公出征攻打北方一个小国。Theywentinspringwhengreengrasscoveredtheground.去的时候是春天,遍地绿草茵茵。Butwhentheycamebackitwaswinter.Everywherewaswhitewithsnowandthewindwashowling.Thetroopslosttheirway.回来的时候是冬天,白雪茫茫,狂风怒吼,于是齐桓公的队伍迷失了方向。Whileeverybodywasworrying,GuanZhong,theduke"schiefminister,suggested:"Anoldhorsemayknowtheway."找不到回去的路,大家都很着急。这时,齐桓公的宰相管仲说:“可以利用老马的经验。”Sothedukeorderedseveraloldhorsetobeselectedtoleadthearmy.Finally,theyfoundthewaybackhome.于是齐桓公派人挑选了几匹老马在前面引路,果然走出了迷谷,找到了回去的道路。Thisidiomreferstothevalueofexperience.“老马识途”这个成语用来比喻有经验的人,熟悉情况,办事效果好。