2015年高中英语阅读理解-第三部分-名人故事(三)练习 8页

第三部分名人故事（三）11.MarkTwain,WelcomeAmericanHumorist马克•吐温—受欢迎的美国幽默作家马克·吐温，真名塞姆·朗赫恩·克列门斯（SamuelLanghorneClemens），是美国的幽默大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名演说家。短篇小说《百万英磅》、《竞选州长》和长篇《哈克贝里·芬历险记》、《汤姆·索亚历险记》最为人们所称道。海伦·凯勒曾言：“我喜欢马克吐温——谁会不喜欢他呢？即使是上帝，亦会钟爱他，赋予其智慧，并于其心灵里绘画出一道爱与信仰的彩虹。”威廉·福克纳称马克·吐温为“第一位真正的美国作家，我们都是继承他而来”。OneofthebestknownAmericanwritersisSamuelLanghorneClemens,whosepennameisMarkTwain.Bornin1855,TwaingrewupintheMississippiRivertownofHannibal,Missouri.Asdidmanyotherboysofhisday,Twaindreamedoftravelingonriverboatsandofsomedaybecomingariverboatpilot.Twainusedhismemoriesofthelifeofarivertowninhistwomostfamousbooks,theAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnandtheAdventuresofTomSawyer.AsayoungmanTwainheldmanyjobs.Hewasaprinter,agoldminer,andforatime,hewasariverboatpilot.Duringhispilotdays,headoptedthenameMarkTwain.Thiswasatermusedbytheboatmentomeanthatthewatermeasuredtwofathoms,ortwelvefeet,whichwasdeepenoughforsafepassage.FinallyTwainbecameasuccessfulwriter.Hetraveledagreatdeal,writingandspeaking,andbecameverypopularbothintheUnitedStatesandinEurope.Twain"sstyleofwritingwassimpleanddirect.Amongthethingshewroteaboutweresuperstitiouspeopleandpeoplewhowereeasilyfooled.Heusedhisunusualgiftforhumortowriteaboutmanythingsofimportance.ComprehensionQuestions:1.SamuelLanghorneClemens______A.wasasfamousasMarkTwain.B.isbetterknownthanMarkTwain.C.grewupintheMississippiRivertownofHannibalwithMarkTwainashisfriend.D.wasusedbyMarkTwainashispenname. A.atermtoindicateMarkTwain.B.adepthatwhichboatscansafelypass.C.wasusedbyboatmentomeasurethedepthofwater.D.consideredtobedeepenoughforpilotstoswimacrosstheriver.5.Twain’sstyleofwritingis______A.humorousB.simpleC.directD.alloftheabove.(DDBBD)12.CharlesDickens,OneoftheGreatestEnglishWriters查尔斯•狄更斯—英国最伟大的作家之一查尔斯·狄更斯，是英国文学史上唯一可与莎士比亚媲美的伟大作家。1812年2月7日生于朴次茅斯市郊，1870年6月9日卒于罗切斯特附近的盖茨山庄。一生共创作长篇小说13部半，其中多数是近百万言的大部头作品，中篇小说20余部，短篇小说数百篇，以及大量演说词、书信、散文、杂诗。其中，《圣诞颂歌》、《大卫·科波菲尔》、《双城记》最为人们所称道。他多次去欧洲大陆游历、旅居，两次访问美国。WhenCharlesDickenswasasmallboy,hewassentbyhisparentstoworkinaboot-blackingfactory.Hisparentshadotherchildrenandmanydebtstopay.Charles"sfatherwasputintoprisonforhisdebts.Theboytriedtoraisemoneyenoughtogethimoutbutwasunsuccessful.Atlast,thewholefamilywenttolivewithCharles"sfatherinhisroomintheMarsalseaprison.Thiswasacommonpracticeand,whiletheprisonercouldnotleavethegrounds,thefamiliescouldgoinandoutfreelyuntilthegatewaslockedatnight.Fortherestofhisdays,Dickenswasinterestedinprisons.Wheneverhetraveledthroughstrangetownsandcities,hewenttovisitthem,asothertouristswouldvisitmuseumsandpalaces.Almosteverybookhewrotehasaprisonandsomeprisonersinit.Hehadbeenbornin1812andhadstayedbusyatonekindofworkoranotherfromthetimehewassixyearsofage.Hediedofasuddenstrokein1870.HeprovidedtheworldwithitsclearestpictureofthetextureofEnglishlifeduringthe1800"s,onewithoutwhichreaderswouldneverknowthesounds,smells,andtastesofthoselong-agodays. A.theboycouldn"traiseenoughmoney.B.hecouldn"treturnthemoneyhehadborrowedfromothers.C.theboywasunsuccessfulinmakingenoughmoneyintheboot-blackingfactory.D.theboywastoosmalltosavehim.3.Thecommonpracticeofthosedayswas______A.thefamilyshouldgotolivetogetherwiththeprisoner.B.thefamilymembersshouldremaininprisonuntiltheprisonerwassetfree.C.thefamilymemberscouldstaywiththeprisonerandhavefreedomtoleaveorentertheprisoninthedaytime.D.thefamilymemberscouldgoinandoutoftheprisonatanytime.4.ThedifferencebetweenCharlesDickensandothertouristsliesinthat______A.helikedtovisitprisonswhileothersdidn"t.B.helikedtovisitpalaceswhileothersdidn"t.C.hewasnotinterestedinprisonswhileotherswere.D.othersshowedmoreinterestinprisonsthanhim.5.IfyoureadCharlesDickens’snovels,youcan______A.seeaclearestpicture.B.hearthesounds,enjoythesmellsandtastesofthoselong-agodays.C.knowveryclearlywhatthelifeofthenineteenthcenturyEnglandwaslike.D.knowclearlyhowheandhisfamilylivedintheprison.(BBCAC)13.Goethe,Germany’sGreatestPoet歌德—德国最伟大的诗人约翰·沃尔夫冈·歌德(1749－1832)，是18世纪中叶到19世纪初德国和欧洲最重要的作家、诗人。歌德是德国狂飙突进运动的主将，其 作品充满了反叛精神，在诗歌、戏剧、散文等方面都有较高的成就。主要作品有剧本《葛兹·冯·伯里欣根》、中篇小说《少年维特的烦恼》、未完成的诗剧《普罗米修斯》和诗剧《浮士德》的雏形《原浮士德》。此外还写了许多抒情诗和评论文章。他对世界文学宝库的巨大贡献，使他成为世界文化名人，每年逢他的生日，各国文艺界都举行纪念活动。hisclosefriendKestner.Brokenhearted,hereturnedtoFrankfurtandlaterdiscoveredthatKestnerhadkilledhimself.TheseeventsformthebasisofhisbeautifulnovelTheSorrowofYoungWerther,themostimportantliteraryworkoftheearlyRomanticperiod.In1786GoethetouredItaly,andthishadastronginfluenceonhiswork,allowinghimtojoinhisearlierRomanticstylewiththeClassicideaofGreeceandRome.Hismasterpiece,Faust,publishedin1831,wastheproductoffiftyyearsofwork.ItisthegreatestdramaticpoemintheGermanlanguage.GoethediedatWeimarin1832.HeleftbehindhimareputationasoneofEurope"sforemostwritersandphilosophers.Todaythereputationisstrongerthanever.ComprehensionQuestions:1.WhenwementionthetownofFrankfurtweoftenthinkofJohannWolfgangvonGoethebecause______A.Germany"sgreatestliterarymanGoethewasbornthere.B.GoetheleftFrankfurtmanytimes.C.GoethealwaysthoughtofFrankfurtashishome.D.GoethelovedFrankfurt.2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?______A.ThedoorofthehousewhereGoetheoncelivedisalwaysopen.B.PeopleallovertheworldcangoandvisitthehousewhereGoetheoncelived.C.TheroominthehousewhereGoetheoncelivedistheGoetheMuseum.D.TherearemanypaintingsanddocumentsaboutGoethe"slifeandworkinthehousewhereheoncelived 3.Thethirdparagraphofthepassagetellsus______A.thatGoethefellinlovewithhisclosefriendKestner"sgirlfriend.B.Goethe"sreturntoFrankfurt.C.thatGoethewasverysadoverthedeathofhisclosefriendKestner.D.whatformedthebasisofGoethe"sbeautifulnovelTheSorrowofYoungWerther.14.WinstonChurchill,FamousBritishStatesman,OratorandWriter温斯顿•丘吉尔—英国著名政治家、演说家和作家温斯顿·丘吉尔，英国著名政治家、演说家、作家和记者，1953年诺贝尔文学奖得主。曾于1940－1945年和1951－1955年期间两度任英国首相，被认为是20世纪最重要的政治领袖之一，领导英国获得第二次世界大战的胜利。此外，他还是被公认为世界上掌握英语词汇量最多的人（约5万多）。WinstonChurchill(1874—1965)wasbornintoafamedfamily.Hisfatherwasasuccessfulpolitician.InOctober1900,ChurchillwaselectedtoParliamentforthefirsttime.In1939,GermanyattackedPoland,andthefollowingyear,hebecamethePrimeMinisterofEngland.Francefell.TheGermanscrushedWesternEurope.Britainwasontheedgeofcompletedefeat.Wasitnotpossibletoaskforpeace,andmaketalkswithHitler?Churchillspoke,“Ihavenothingtoofferbutblood,tearsandsweat….Youask whatisouraim?Icananswerinoneword:Victory!”TheGermansbegangatheringtheirarmiesontheFrenchcoastandpreparedtoinvadeBritain.TheBritishhadnotenoughriflestogoaround.Churchillgavetheanswer,“Weshalldefendourisland,whatevercostmaybe,weshallfightonthebeaches,weshallfightonthelandground,weshallfightinthefieldsandinthestreets,weshallfightinthehills,weshallneversurrender.”Byhiscourage,hardworkandfaith,Churchillinspiredhispeople.VictoryfinallycamewhentheGermansweredefeatedattheendofWorldWarII.Hereisawell-knownstorytoldaboutChurchill.DuringtheSecondWorldWar,WinstonChurchillwastheBritishprimeminister.OnedayhehadtogototheBritishBroadcastingCorporation(BBC)tomakeanimportantspeechtothenation.Anhourbeforethetimeofhisspeech,hestoppedataxiinthestreetandaskedthedrivertotakehimtotheBBC,butthetaxidriver,whodidnotrecognizehim,saidhecouldnottakehimanywherejustthen,becausehewantedtogobacktohishomeattheotherendofLondontohearChurchillmakeaspeechontheradio.2.“Francefell.”Heretheword“fell”means______A.felldownB.gaveupC.wasdefeatedD.wassurrounded3.FacingtheGermans"invasion,Churchilldecided______A.todefendBritainwithblood,tearsandsweat.B.togetmoreriflestogoaround.C.togivein. D.toinspirehispeople.4.ThedriverrefusedtotakeChurchilltotheBBCbecause______A.hehatedChurchill.B.hehadsomethingimportanttodo.C.hewantedtogohomeintheoppositedirection.D.Churchillofferedhimtoolittlemoney.5.FromthestorywecouldlearnthatChurchillwas______A.amodestman.B.agreatman.C.agenerousman.D.fondoflisteningtogoodwords.(BCABA)15.WilhelmKonradRontgen,DiscovererofX-rays威廉•康拉德•伦琴—X射线的发现者X射线的发现者威廉·康拉德·伦琴，于1845年出生在德国尼普镇。发现X射线的全部功劳都应归于伦琴，他的发现是前所未料的。而且他的发现对贝克雷尔及其他研究人员都有重要的促进作用。1901年，伦琴获得诺贝尔物理奖，是获得该项奖的第一人。他于1923年在德国慕尼黑与世长辞。Ifyoubreakyourarmorleg,youwillbeprobablysenttohospitaltohaveanX-rayphototakentofindoutjustwherethebreakisandwhatkindofbreakitis.Ifachildswallowsahardthing,assometimeshappens,thedoctor,bythehelpofX-rays,willbeabletofindoutjustwhereithasgottointhechild’sbody.EveryhospitalhasanX-raydepartment.DentistsalsotakeX-rayphotosofpeople’steethwhichdonotshowfromtheoutside.X-rayswerefirstdiscoveredbyaGermanscientist,WilhelmKonradRontgen(1845-1923),in1895,almostbyaccident. passnotonlythroughtheblackpaperbutalsowood.ComprehensionQuestions:1.Thefirstparagraphmainlytellsus______A.someusesofX-rays.B.whatweshoulddowhenone’sarmorlegisbroken.C.thateveryhospitalhasanX-raydepartment.D.thatX-rayswerediscoveredin1895.2.Thesecondparagraphshows______A.theusesofX-rays.B.thatRontgenandotherscientistsoncedidanexperimenttogether.C.thatX-rayscouldmakeascreenbecomebright.D.howX-rayswerediscovered.3.WeknowthatX-rayscanhardlypassthrough______A.blackpaperB.bonesC.woodD.flesh4.Theword"radiation"means______A.glowing.B.goingthroughthings.C.sendingoutenergy,heatetc.inrays.D.shining.