新课标2020届高考英语一轮复习专题三阅读理解考点十六人物故事类 16页

考点十六　人物故事类A限时10分钟Idema,aDutchSinologist(汉学家),hasservedasthedirectoroftheChineseLanguagesandCulturesDepartmentatLeidenUniversityoftheNetherlandsandwasalsodirectorofHarvard"sFairbankCenterforEastAsianResearch．HehasstudiedancientChineseplays,novelsandliterature,andhasauthoredortranslatedanumberofinfluentialbookspublishedinEnglishandotherlanguages．The70yearoldDutchSinologistrecalledhishalfcenturylongromancewithChinesecultureduringarecentvisittoBeijing．Asachild,thevividdescriptionsofChinainNobelandPulitzerPrizewinnerPearlS．Buck"sbookssparkedIdema"sinterestinthecountry．HelaterreadclassicChineseliteratureandspentwholedayspouringthroughworksattheNationalLibraryofChina．WhilemanyotherexpertsonChinafocusedonthecountry"seconomictransformation,IdemacontinuedtostudytraditionalChineseliterature．“Therewerescholarsstudyinglaw,religionandsociety,butnottraditionalChineseliterature,whichwasmypersonalinterest，”Idemaexplains．Findingreferencebooksforhisresearch,especiallyregionalpublications,usedtobeahugechallenge,andIdemausedtospendalotoftimecollectingbooksandothermaterialsduringvisitstoChina．NowitismuchmoreconvenientwiththeInternet．Idemausuallychooseslessknownsubjectsforhisresearchandtriestogetfirsthandmaterials．Inrecentyears,hehasdevotedhimselftotranslatingChinesefolktalesandwritingaboutChinesefolksocietyandfolkculture．“TraditionalChinesecultureisapassion．Ihavebeenstudyingitfor50yearsandwillcontinuetodoso，”saystheretiredprofessor．1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sparked”inParagraph2mean?A．Increased．B．Broke． C．Performed．D．Aroused．答案：D　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“HelaterreadclassicChineseliteratureandspentwholedayspouringthroughworksattheNationalLibraryofChina．”后来他开始阅读中国古典文学，可推断前文的books引起了他对中国的兴趣。故选D。2．IdemaconcentratedontraditionalChineseliteraturebecause________．A．hewantedtoshowhewasdifferentfromothersB．hewasinterestedintraditionalChineseliteratureC．traditionalChineseliteratureiseasiertostudythanotherfieldsD．hecouldbenefitalotfromthetraditionalChineseliterature答案：B　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“Therewerescholarsstudyinglaw,religionandsociety,butnottraditionalChineseliterature,whichwasmypersonalinterest”可知，他研究中国古典文学，是因为他的兴趣。故选B。3．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A．APassionforChineseCultureB．TheLifeofIdemaC．Idema"sVisittoChinaD．ThePersonalHobby答案：A　标题判断题。浏览全文，讲述的都是Idema对于中国古典文学的研究与热爱，结合第三段中的“WhilemanyotherexpertsonChina．．．Idemaexplains．”可知，他研究中国古典文学是带着很大的兴趣和热情的。故选A。B限时10分钟ManyexpertssaythatBillyWilderchangedthehistoryofAmericanmovies．HeisoftencalledthebestmoviemakerHollywoodhaseverhad．Hewasknownformakingmoviesthatofferedsharpsocialcomment．Wilderwasoneofthefirstdirectorstodothis．BillyWilderwasbornin1906intheformerAustroHungarianEmpire．BillyWilderstartedlawschoolinVienna,Austria．However,hebeganreportingforaViennanewspaperaftergraduation．Bythe1920s,hewaswritingmoviesinGermany．However,theNazishadrisentopowerinthenation．WilderwasJewish,andherecognizedthathehadnofutureinNaziGermany．In1933,hewenttoParis．Therehedirectedamovieforthefirsttime．ItwascalledTheBadSeed．ThenhereceivedwordthatproducersintheUnitedStateshadacceptedoneofhisscripts．BillyWilderleftEuropeforAmerica． InAmericaheformedawritingteamwithCharlesBrackett．Thetwowriterscreatedmanyfilmstogether．WilderandBrackettwroteseveralsuccessfulmovies．Onewasthenineteenthirtyninemovie,Ninotchka,starringGretaGarbo．ErnstLubitschdirectedthefilm．Wilderalwayspraisedthismanasafriendandteacherwhosehumorandexpertdirectiongreatlyinfluencedhisworks．In1954,BillyWilderbecameanindependentproducer．Thenextyear,Wilder"sfirstmovieasanindependentfilmmakerwasahugesuccess．ItwasTheSevenYearItch．In1959,Wildermadeafunnymoviethatwasverypopular．I．A．L．DiamondjoinedWilderinwritingSomeLikeItHot．Bythe1980s,Wildernolongerwasconsideredthemostunusual,creativefilmmakerinHollywood．Inrecentyears,however,BillyWilderreceivedmanymoreawardsandhonors．Criticspraisedhisgiftstomoviemaking．In1987,theAcademyofMotionPictureArtsandSciencesgavehimtheIrvingG．ThalbergMemorialAward．Itisthehighestawardaproducercanreceive．4．WhichisWilder"sfirstsuccessfulmovieasanindependentfilmmaker?A．Ninotchka．B．TheBadSeed．C．SomeLikeItHot．D．TheSevenYearItch．答案：D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“In1954,BillyWilderbecameanindependentproducer．Thenextyear,Wilder"sfirstmovieasanindependentfilmmakerwasahugesuccess．ItwasTheSevenYearItch．”可知，Wilder作为独立的电影制片人，制作的第一部成功的电影是TheSevenYearItch。故选D。5．WhatcanweknowaboutWilderaccordingtothetext?A．Heintendedtobealawyeratfirst．B．HestarredamovieforthefirsttimeinParis．C．Heisthefirstdirectortomakerealisticmovies．D．Hehasbeenacceptedasthemostcreativemoviemaker．答案：A　推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“BillyWilderstartedlawschoolinVienna,Austria．”可推断，一开始Wilder想要成为一名律师。故选A。6．WhydidWilderleaveGermany?A．HewasJewishandcouldn"tdevelopthere．B．TheNazisweresearchingforhimeverywhere． C．HewasinvitedtoproducehisscriptinAmerica．D．HeexpectedtogotoParistoformawritingteam．答案：A　细节理解题。根据第二段中提到的“However,theNazishadrisentopowerinthenation．WilderwasJewish,andherecognizedthathehadnofutureinNaziGermany．In1933,hewenttoParis．”可知，纳粹开始在当时的德国执政，而Wilder是犹太人，他认识到自己在德国没有未来，因此他离开了德国。故选A。7．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．TheMakerofHistoryofAmericanMoviesB．BillyWilder—aBestFilmmakerC．AnAutobiographyofaDirectorD．TheBestDirectorandProducer答案：B　标题判断题。纵观全文可知，第一段第一句是文章的主旨，主要讲述BillyWilder对于美国电影的贡献。因此推断B项“BillyWilder——一位最好的电影制作者”为最佳标题。故选B。C限时7分钟Writersusedtoapproachpublisherstohavetheirworkreadbythepublic．Nowtheycansimplyposttheirworkandfindmillionsofinstantaudience．Afterbreakingupwithherboyfriend,BaoJingjingstarted“makingup”alovestorysimplytodistract(转移)herattention．Herstoryofagirlsufferingthepainlikehersprogressedquickly,attractingmanyreaders．WhenBaostoppedwritingasshewasreunitedwithherboyfriend,shewasurgedtocontinue,asreaderswantedtoknowwhathappenednext．Baofinisheditsoon．Itbecamesopopularthatitwasturnedintoabestseller．To_cap_it_all_off,_Bao"snovelwaslateradaptedintoasuccessfulmovie．Bao"sstoryisonlyoneofmanyInternetnovelsthathavelandeddealsforphysicalbooks,TVshowsandfilms．Unliketraditionalwriterswhoburiedthemselvesintheirbooksforyears,someyoungwriterslikeBaohavegotreadersrapidlyonlineandfindovernightsuccess．Baoadmitshersuccesswasunexpected．Shestillremembershowsurprisedherparentswerewhensheproudlygavethemhercopyrightearnings．Onlineliteratureforums(论坛)areplatformsforgrassrootswriterstosucceed．Inrecentyears,ZhangWei,knownas“Tangjiasanshao”，hasearned177millionyuanbyhisfingersthoughworkingasanauthorwasbeyondhisdreams．Hetopped thelistofwealthiestChineseInternetnoveliststwiceandwastheonlyonlinewritertobelistedonthe2014Forbes“ChineseCelebrityList”．Headmitsthatheisoneofthefewwritersatthetopofthepyramidwhilemostonlinewritersremainunknown．However,heurgesthathissuccesscanbeachievedbyothers,aslongas“theywritehardenough”．8．Accordingtothepassage,weknowthat________．A．BaoJingjing"sparentsdidn"twanthertobeawriterB．BaoJingjingdidn"treallyexpecthersuccessovernightC．BaoJingjingdidn"tfinishherfirstonlinelovestoryD．BaoJingjing"sfirstonlinestorywasturnedintoaTVshow答案：B　细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Baoadmitshersuccesswasunexpected．”可知，鲍鲸鲸承认她的成功是意想不到的。故选B。9．Theunderlinedphrase“Tocapitalloff”inParagraph3probablymeans“________”．A．inconclusionB．inturnC．intimeD．inaddition答案：D　词义猜测题。根据第三段倒数第二句“Itbecamesopopularthatitwasturnedintoabestseller．”和最后一句中的“Bao"snovelwaslateradaptedintoasuccessfulmovie．”可知，鲍鲸鲸的作品如此受欢迎以至于它后来被出版，并成了畅销书。她的小说后来又被改编成一部成功的电影。由此推断，Tocapitalloff在此处表递进关系。故选D。10．TheauthormentionedZhangWei"sexamplemainlyto________．A．introduceanotheronlinewritertothereadersB．showtheexampleofanotheronlinewriter"ssuccessC．encouragereaderstobecomeonlinewritersD．expresshisadmirationforonlinewriterZhangWei答案：B　推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述一些现代网络作家获得了成功的故事，张威的经历只是其中一例。故选B。11．WhatcanweinferfromwhatZhangWeisaysinthelastparagraph?A．Fewwords,manydeeds．B．Firsttry,andthentrust．C．Harmset,harmget．D．Nopain,nogain．答案：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，张威认为只要够努力， 就能像他一样成功。故选D。Nopain,nogain．“不劳，无获”；Fewwords,manydeeds．“少说多做”；Harmset,harmget．“害人害己”；Firsttry,andthentrust．“试过才信”。D限时8分钟KenjiCromanhasbrokenhisbones,hisshoulderandelbow,andnearlydrownedseveraltimes．He"salsohadthreecloseencounterswithsharksovertheyears．A10footwavelandeddirectlyontopofhimfiveyearsago,bendinghisbodytothepointthatheactuallykickedhimselfinthehead．“Iliterallyheardeveryboneinmybodycrack，”hesaid．Cromanhasbeenphotographingoceanwavessince2008,sometimesriskinghislifetogetthatperfectshotatthesurfbreak．Despitetherisksandcertaininjuriesthatcomewithwavephotography,theHawaiiresident,bodysurferandformercompetitiveswimmerwouldn"tdoanythingelse．The36yearoldphotographerlovesthethrillofmeetingbreakingwavesheadon,shootingwavesashisinterestandshootingsurferstopaythebills．“Theprocessofphotographingwavesrequiresmorethanjustswimmingoutwherethesurfbreaksandwaiting，”hesays．ThenightbeforeaphotoshootCromanchecksSurfline．com,awebsiteandthecoastalcameranetworkthatprovidesliveandpredictedoceanweatherinformation,toseewhatthewinds,wavesandtidewillbelikeatcertaintimes．Cromanhasbothaprimarycameraandabackupforemergencies．Hegoeswithoutawetsuitandusesaheavyunderwaterhousingtoprotecthiscamera．Thereisnogreatwayforhimtoprotecthimself．Headmitsthereareprobablyprotectiveclothesheshouldbewearing,butthereislittlehecouldhavedonetodecreasetheimpactofthe10footwavethatcrashedontopofhim．ThehardestpartofCroman"sjobisstayingcalminthefaceofbreakingwaveswhenhisinitialreactionistopanicandswimaway．Atmost,Cromanwilltaketwotothreeshotsofasinglewave．“I"veshotwavesforsomanyyearsnowthatIseethewaveinslowmovement，”hesaid．12．WhatdoweknowaboutKenjiCroman"sjobfromthefirstparagraph?A．Itisagameofdeath．B．Itisfullofmysteries．C．Itrequirespatience．D．Itcallsforcourage．答案：D　推理判断题。由第一段可知，为了拍摄海浪，KenjiCroman曾多次受伤，甚至几次面临着死亡。由此可推知，这份工作需要超常的勇气。故选D。 13．HowdoesKenjiCromanmakealiving?A．Bytakingswimmingraces．B．Byteachingphotography．C．Byshootingsurfers．D．Bysurfingwaves．答案：C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“shootingwavesashisinterestandshootingsurferstopaythebills”可知，KenjiCroman靠为冲浪者拍摄谋生，而抢拍海浪仅仅是个人兴趣。14．WhydoesKenjiCromancheckthewebsiteslikeSurfline．com?A．Togetbetterpreparedforshooting．B．Topredictsomethingaboutweather．C．Tolearnmoreaboutsurfingwaves．D．Tobuybetterequipmentforsafety．答案：A　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，Croman查看这个网站是想了解海洋的天气信息，以及了解在某些时刻风向、海浪和潮汐的情况，以便更好地为拍摄海浪做准备。15．Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A．TakingAdventuresAroundtheOceanB．RiskingHisLifeforthePerfectWaveC．MakingPreparationsforLifeRisksD．AppreciatingBreakingWavesinDanger答案：B　标题判断题。本文主要讲的是Croman冒着生命危险拍摄完美的海浪照片的故事，因此B项为最佳标题。A限时10分钟(2018·浙江高考)In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain．Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury—mostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719—butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally．Thesteampoweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy(识字)rateinEnglandwasunder50%．Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady．”Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad．In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriter andpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones．TodayDickens"greatnessisunchallenged．Removinghimfromthepantheon(名人堂)ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa．HowdidDickensgettothetop?Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass．Some60,000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to1901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalfdozenofthem．It"spartlytruethatDickens"styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife．It"spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress．Butit"salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter．Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter．Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone．1．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBritishnovelsinthe18thcentury?A．Theyweredifficulttounderstand．B．Theywerepopularamongtherich．C．Theywereseenasnearlyworthless．D．Theywerewrittenmostlybywomen．答案：C　细节理解题。由题干中的18世纪可定位到第一段。由该段最后一句“Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad．”可知，在18世纪，英国的小说几乎被认为没有价值。故选C。2．DickensiscomparedwiththeMonaLisainthetexttostress________．A．hisreputationinFranceB．hisinterestinmodernartC．hissuccessinpublicationD．hisimportanceinliterature答案：D　细节理解题。由第二段最后两句可知， 把他从英国文学殿堂中剔除的意义如同卢浮宫抛售《蒙娜·丽莎》。将狄更斯与《蒙娜·丽莎》进行比较是为了强调狄更斯在文学上的重要性。故选D。3．Whatistheauthor"spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Torememberagreatwriter．B．TointroduceanEnglishnovel．C．Toencouragestudiesonculture．D．TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage．答案：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句以及全文可知，文章主要介绍了狄更斯的伟大成就，旨在让人们永远记住这位伟大的作家。故选A。B限时7分钟(2017·北京高考)ItwasacoldMarchdayinHighPoint,NorthCarolina．ThegirlsontheWesleyanAcademysoftballteamwerewaitingfortheirnextturnsatbatduringpractice,stampingtheirfeettostaywarm．EighthgraderTaylorBisbeeshivered(发抖)alittleasshewatchedherteammateParisWhiteplay．Thetwodidn"tknoweachotherwell—Taylorhadjustmovedtotownamonthorsobefore．Suddenly,Parisfelltotheground．“Paris"seyesrolledback，”Taylorsays．“Shestartedshaking．Iknewitwasanemergency．”Itcertainlywas．Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure．Withoutimmediatemedicalcare,Pariswoulddie．Atfirst,noonemoved．Thegirlswereinshock．Thenthesoftballcoachshoutedout,“DoesanyoneknowCPR？”CPRisalifesavingtechnique．TodoCPR,youpressonthesickperson"schestsothatbloodmovesthroughthebodyandtakesoxygentoorgans．Withoutoxygen,thebrainisdamagedquickly．Amazingly,TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore．Still,shehesitated．Shedidn"tthinksheknewitwellenough．Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR．“Itwasscary．Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath，”saysTaylor．Taylor"sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown．Onegirlcalled911．Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadefibrillator,anelectronicdevice(器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork．Luckstayedwiththem：Paris"sheartbeatreturned．“IknowIwasreallylucky，”Parissaysnow．“Mostpeopledon"tsurvivethis．Myteamsavedmylife．” ExpertssayParisisright：Forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly．Today,Parisisbackonthesoftballteam．Taylorwillapplytocollegesoon．Shewantstobeanurse．“Ifeelmoreconfidentinmyactionsnow，”Taylorsays．“IknowIcanactunderpressureinascarysituation．”4．WhathappenedtoParisonaMarchday?A．Shecaughtabadcold．B．Shehadasuddenheartproblem．C．Shewasknockeddownbyaball．D．Sheshiveredterriblyduringpractice．答案：B　细节理解题。由第三段第二句“Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure．”可知，Paris突发心脏病。故选B。5．WhydoesParissayshewaslucky?A．Shemadeaworthyfriend．B．Sherecoveredfromshock．C．ShereceivedimmediateCPR．D．Shecamebackonthesoftballteam．答案：C　推理判断题。由倒数第三段Paris所说的话可知，这种情况下，多数人都很难存活，她是非常幸运的，是她的团队救了她，故选C项(她得到了及时的心肺复苏救治)。6．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTaylor?A．Enthusiasticandkind．B．Courageousandcalm．C．Cooperativeandgenerous．D．Ambitiousandprofessional．答案：B　推理判断题。由第五段可知，Taylor虽然对自己的技术不太自信，但在没有其他人站出来的情况下，仍然对Paris实施心肺复苏救治，她心里清楚，这是生与死的区别，由此可以推测Taylor是非常勇敢而且镇静。故选B。C限时7分钟 (2019·山东省枣庄八中月考)ChristopherThomas,27,wasawriterbynightandateacherbydaywhenhenoticedhewasalwaystiredandwaslosingweightfast．Diagnosedwithdiabetes(糖尿病),Thomaswouldneedtoinjecthimselfwithinsulin(胰岛素)threetimesadayfortherestofhislifeorrisknervedamage,blindness,andevendeath．Andifthatweren"tbadenough,hehadnohealthinsurance．Afteramonthoffeelingupset,Thomasdecidedhe"dbetterfindawaytofightback．HeleftCanton,MichiganforNewYork,gotajobwaitingtables,nicknamedhimselftheDiabeticRockstar,andcreateddiabeticrockstar．com,afreeonlinecommunityfordiabeticsandtheirlovedones—aplacewhereover1,100peoplesharepersonalstories,information,andresources．JasonSwencki"sson,Kody,wasdiagnosedwithtypediabetesatsix．Fatherandsonvisittheonlinechildren"sforums(论坛)togethermostevenings．“Kodygetssoexcited,writingtokidsfromallover，”saysSwencki,oneofthesite"svolunteers．“Theyknowwhathe"sgoingthrough,sohedoesn"tfeellonely．”Kodyisanythingbutalone:DiabetesisnowtheseventhleadingcauseofdeathintheUnitedStates,with24milliondiagnosedcases．Andmorepeoplearebeingdiagnosedatyoungerages．Thesedays,Thomas"smainfocusishischarity(慈善机构),FightIt,whichprovidesmedicinesandsuppliestopeople—225todate—whocan"taffordadiabetic"shugeexpenses．Fightit．orghasraisedabout$23,000—inproductsandincash．InMay,ThomaswillholdthefirstannualDiabeticRockstarFestivalintheCaribbean．Evenwithastaffof22volunteers,Thomasoftendevotesupto50hoursaweektohiscause,whilestilldoinghisfulltimejobwaitingtables．“Ofthediabetescharitiesoutthere,mostareputtingmoneyintofindingacure，”saysBentleyGubar,oneofRockstar"soriginalmembers．“ButChristopheristheonlypersonIknowsayingpeopleneedhelpnow．”7．WhichofthefollowingistrueofChristopherThomas?A．Heneedstogotothedoctoreveryday．B．Hestudiestheleadingcauseofdiabetes．C．Hehasapositiveattitudetothisdisease．D．Heencouragesdiabeticsbywritingarticles．答案：C　细节理解题。通读全文可知，ChristopherThomas积极地面对自己的疾病，所以C项正确。A项与第一段中的“Thomaswouldneedtoinjecthimselfwithinsulin (胰岛素)threetimesadayfortherestofhislife”不符；B项与文中的Thomas开办网站，与病人及其家属分享有关的信息和资源不符；D项提到的写作是Thomas的专职工作，而他的志愿工作才是运作FightIt这个慈善机构，故选C项。8．Diabeticrockstar．comwascreatedfor________．A．diabeticstocommunicateB．volunteerstofindjobsC．childrentoamusethemselvesD．rockstarstoshareresources答案：A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“andcreateddiabeticrockstar．com,afreeonlinecommunityfordiabeticsandtheirlovedones—aplacewhereover1,100peoplesharepersonalstories,information,andresources”可知，这是一个针对糖尿病患者和他们的亲人而设立的免费在线社区，1,100多人在上面分享个人故事、信息和资源，故选A项。9．Accordingtothetext,Kody________．A．feelslonelybecauseofhisillnessB．benefitsfromdiabeticrockstar．comC．helpscreatetheonlinekid"sforumsD．writeschildren"sstoriesonline答案：B　推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三、四句可知，Kody父子俩晚上大部分时间都在网上访问儿童论坛。Kody非常激动，给来自各地的孩子们写信，“该网站的志愿者之一Swencki说。他们知道他在经历什么，所以他并不感到孤独。”由此可推知，Kody父子受益于这个网站，分析选项可知B项正确。D限时10分钟(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)WhilefamousforeignarchitectsareinvitedtoleadthedesignsoflandmarkbuildingsinChinasuchasthenewCCTVtowerandtheNationalCenterforthePerformingArts,manyexcellentChinesearchitectsaremakinggreateffortstotakethecenterstage．Theireffortshavebeenprovenfruitful．WangShu,a49yearoldChinesearchitect,wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrize—whichisoftenreferredtoastheNobelPrizeinarchitecture—onFebruary28．HeisthefirstChinesecitizentowinthisaward．WangservesasheadoftheArchitectureDepartmentattheChinaAcademyofArt(CAA)．HisofficeislocatedattheXiangshancampus(校园)oftheuniversityinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince．Manybuildingsonthecampusarehisoriginal creations．ThestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities．Manyvisitorswereamazedbythecomplexarchitecturalspaceandabundantbuildingtypes．Thecurves(曲线)ofthebuildingsperfectlymatchtheriseandfallofhills,formingauniqueview．Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricksofdifferentages．Heaskedtheworkerstousetraditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowalls,roofsandcorridors．ThiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements(元素)．Wang"sworksshowadeepunderstandingofmodernarchitectureandagoodknowledgeoftraditions．Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecture,saidTadaoAndo,thewinnerofthe1995PritzkerPrize．Wangbelievestraditionsshouldnotbesealedinglassboxesatmuseums．“Thatisonlyevidencethattraditionsonceexisted，”hesaid．“ManyChinesepeoplehaveamisunderstandingoftraditions．Theythinktraditionmeansoldthingsfromthepast．Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated,”hesaid．“Today,manyChinesepeoplearelearningWesternstylesandtheoriesratherthanfocusingonChinesetraditions．Manypeopletendtotalkabouttraditionswithoutknowingwhattheyreallyare，”saidWang．Thestudyoftraditionsshouldbecombinedwithpractice．Otherwise,therecreationoftraditionswouldbeartificialandempty,hesaid．10．Wang"swinningoftheprizemeansthatChinesearchitectsare________．A．followingthelatestworldtrendB．gettinginternationalrecognitionC．workingharderthaneverbeforeD．relyingonforeignarchitects答案：B　推理判断题。根据文章第二段的内容可知，王澍获得2012 年普利策奖，而普利策奖相当于建筑界的诺贝尔奖，他是第一个获此奖的中国人，故推知中国建筑师得到了国际社会的认可。故B项正确。11．WhatimpressedvisitorstotheCAAXiangshancampusmost?A．Itshillyenvironment．B．Itslargesize．C．Itsuniquestyle．D．Itsdiversefunctions．答案：C　细节理解题。根据文章第四段对CAA校园的描述，尤其是该段最后一句可知，它独特的设计风格，给参观者留下了极为深刻的印象，故C正确。12．WhatmadeWang"sarchitecturaldesignasuccess?A．Themixtureofdifferentshapes．B．ThebalanceofEastandWest．C．Theuseofpopulartechniques．D．Theharmonyofoldandnew．答案：D　细节理解题。根据文章第六段1995年普利策奖的获得者TadaoAndo的评语可知，王澍设计的成功之处在于他把中国传统元素融入现代设计，并保持两者之间的和谐平衡，故D正确。13．WhatshouldwedoaboutChinesetraditionsaccordingtoWang?A．Spreadthemtotheworld．B．Preservethematmuseums．C．Teachtheminuniversities．D．Recreatetheminpractice．答案：D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段和倒数第三段中的“Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated”可知，对传统的研究要与实践相结合，在实践中进行再创造，否则就会是虚假的和空洞的，故D正确。E限时10分钟⊕(2019·陕西省部分学校摸底检测)ThomasHardy,probablythemostsearchingandknowledgeablenovelistofhistime,wasbornonJune2,1840,inDorsetshire,England．HediedonJanuary11,1928．Inhisyouth,Hardyreadmuchanddreamtofbecomingapoet,buthestudiedandpracticedarchitectureasanassistanttoaLondonarchitect,winningaprizefordesign．Thefinedescriptionsofstructureinhisnovelswereprobablysomewhatduetohisarchitecturaltraining．ForfiveyearsHardyworkedhardtopracticewritingpoetry,butwhenhewas twentyseven,heturnedtofiction．Hisfirstnovelfinishedby1867,butaccordingtotheadviceofGeorgeMeredithhedecidednottopublishit．Afterheabandonedhisfirstnovel,hisanothernovelDesperateRemedies,appearedin1871．Duringthenexttwentyfiveyearshepublishedtenmorenovelsandtwocollectionsofshortstories．UndertheGreenwoodTree(1872)wasneversurpassed(超越)inhappyanddelicateperfectionofart．Thisandhisnextnovel,APairofBlueEyes(1873),begantoshowdeepirony(讽刺)whichissoobviousthroughoutHardy"swritings．FarfromtheMaddingCrowd(1874)washisfirstpopularsuccess．ItshowsHardy"samazingpowerofdescribingnatureassymbolicbackgroundforhischaracters,anorganicpartoftheactionofhisstory．Thiswastheearliestofwhathecalledhisnovelsofcharacterandenvironment,whichincludedTheReturnoftheNative,Tessofthed"Urbervilles,hismasterpiece,andJudetheObscure．Notuntilhewasfiftyeightyearsoldwashisfirstcollectionofpoemspublished,andhewassixtyfourwhenthefirstpartofhisdramaTheDynastssurprisedtheliteraryworld．14．HowdidThomasHardybenefitfromhisarchitecturalcareer?A．Hecouldpracticewritingwhileworking．B．Hemadealotofmoneytosupporthiswriting．C．Hefoundmaterialforhisnovelsandpoems．D．Heappliedarchitecturalknowledgeinhisnovels．答案：D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Thefinedescriptionsofstructureinhisnovelswereprobablysomewhatduetohisarchitecturaltraining．”可知，在他的小说中细腻的结构描述可能得益于他在建筑方面的学习训练，即他把建筑知识应用到了他的小说中，故选D项。15．WhatisThomasHardy"sUndertheGreenwoodTreeconsideredtobe?A．Oneofhismasterworks．B．Hisfirstpopularsuccess．C．Hisbestnovelinperfectionofart．D．Oneofhisbestcollectionsofpoems．答案：C　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“UndertheGreenwoodTree(1872)wasneversurpassed(超越)inhappyanddelicateperfectionofart． ”可知，《绿树林下》在艺术的恰当和熟练方面从未被超越。16．Whichofthefollowingisoneofhisnovelsofcharacterandenvironment?A．DesperateRemedies．B．APairofBlueEyes．C．Tessofthed"Urbervilles．D．TheDynasts．答案：C　细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“Thiswastheearliestofwhathecalledhisnovelsofcharacterandenvironment,whichincludedTheReturnoftheNative,Tessofthed"Urbervilles,hismasterpiece,andJudetheObscure．”可知，Tessofthed"Urbervilles是性格和环境小说，故选C。17．Whattypeofwritingisthistext?A．Anovel．B．Abiography．C．Abookreview．D．Anewsreport．答案：B　推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了作家ThomasHardy和他的一些作品，属于人物传记，故选B。