经典中国历史故事 7页

经典中国历史故事中国历史上下五千年，在这悠长的历史长河中，中国有着不少经典的历史故事值得后人思考。下面为大家带来经典中国历史故事，欢迎大家阅读！IntheSongDynasty(960-1279)therewasajokercalledSunShan.宋代有一个名叫孙山的才子，他为人幽默，很善于说笑话，所以人称滑稽才子。Oneyearhewenttotaketheimperialexamination,andcamebottomofthelistofsuccessfulcandidates.Backinhishometown,oneofhisneighboursaskedhimwhethertheneighbour'ssonhadalsopassed.SunShansaid,withasmile:"SunShanwasthelastonthelist,yoursoncameafterSunShan."一年，他和一个同乡的儿子去京城参加举人的考试。放榜的时候，孙山的名字虽然列在榜文的倒数第一名，但仍然是榜上有名，而他那位同乡的儿子，却没能考上。不久，孙山先回到家里，同乡便来问他自己的儿子有没有考取。孙山既不好意思直说，又不便隐瞒，于是，就随口念出两句不成诗的诗句来：解元尽处是孙山，贤郎更在孙山外。解元，就是我国科举制度所规定的举人的第一名。而孙山在诗里所谓的解元，乃是泛指一般考取的举人。他的意思是说：举人榜上的最后一名是我孙山，而令郎的名字却还在我孙山的后面。7 Later,peopleusedthisidiomtoindicatefailinginanexaminationorcompetition.从此，人们便根据这个故事，把投考学校或参加各种考试没有被录取叫做名落孙山。经典中国历史故事：破釜沉舟DuringthelateyearsoftheQiDynasty（221-206BC）,XiangYuledarebellion.AftercrossingtheZhangRiver,XiangYuorderedhismentosinkalltheirboatsandbreaktheircookingpots.Heissuedeachsoldierthreedays'rations（给养）andwarnedthemthattherewasnowaytoretreat;theonlythingtheycoulddotosurvivewastoadvanceandfight.Afterminefiercebattles,theQinarmywasfinallydefeated.Thisidiomisusedtoindicateone'sfirmdeterminationtoachieveone'sgoalatanycost.秦朝末年，秦军大将章邯攻打赵国。赵军退守巨鹿（今河北平乡西南），并被秦军重重包围。楚怀王于是封宋义为上将军，项羽为副将率军救援赵国。宋义引兵至安阳（今山东曹县东南）后，接连46天按兵不动，对此项羽十分不满，于是要求进军决战，解困赵国。但宋义却希望秦赵两军交战后待秦军力竭之后才进攻。但此时军中粮草缺乏士卒困顿，而宋义仍旧饮酒自顾，项羽见此7 忍无可忍，进营帐杀了宋义，并声称他叛国反楚。于是将士们则拥项羽为上将军。项羽杀宋义的事，威震楚国，名闻诸侯。随后，他率所有军队悉数渡黄河前去营救赵国以解巨鹿之围。项羽在全军渡黄河之后他下令把所有的船只凿沉，打破烧饭用的锅，烧掉自己的营房，只带三天干粮，以此表决一死战，没有一点后退的打算。正是这样已无退路的大军到了巨鹿外围，并包围了秦军和截断秦军外联的通道。楚军战士以一当十，杀伐声惊天动地。经过九次的激战，楚军最终大破秦军。而前来增援的其他各路诸侯却都因胆怯，不敢近前。楚军的骁勇善战大大提高了项羽的声威。以至战胜后，项羽于辕门接见各路诸侯时，各诸侯皆不敢正眼眼看项羽。后来，“皆沉船，破釜甑”演化为成语“破釜沉舟”，以比喻拚死一战，决心很大。经典中国历史故事：骑虎难下YangJianwastheregent（摄政王）ofthelastkingofNorthernZhou（557-581）.Hiswifeadvisedhim:"NorthernZhouisdying.Nowitisasifyouareridingonthebackofatiger.Itwillbedangeroustodismount（下马，下车）.Youcandonothingbutcontinue."YangJianthoughtthisquitereasonable.Later,hefoundedtheSuiDynasty,andunitedChinaoncemore.Thisidomisusedasametaphormeaningthatoneisinadifficultsituationandcannothelpbutontinuetopursueone'ssourse.7 骑虎难下典故：晋朝时期，镇守历阳的将领苏峻和祖约以诛杀朝廷奸臣为名，率领军队进入都城建康，把持了朝中大权。江州刺史温蟒(qiáo)听说叛军在都城作乱，立刻挺身而出，拥戴征西大将军陶侃为盟主，起兵讨伐叛军。由于叛军人多势众，陶侃接连吃了几次败仗，有些沉不住气了，开始埋怨温蟒过高估计了自己的实力。温蟒说：“战胜叛军的关键在于队伍的团结，而不能是一盘散沙。当年刘秀救昆阳，曹操战官渡不都是团结一致，以少胜多的典范吗？叛军只凭一时气盛攻占了都城，他们利欲熏心，是一群乌合之众，只要我们团结努力，就一定能战胜他们。现在国难当头，我们仗义讨伐叛军，顺人心，合民意，决不能后退。这就好比骑在老虎身上，如果，不把它打死，怎么能半途从它身上跳下来呢？”陶侃听了温蟒的话，觉得很有道理，重新树立了作战信心。他和温蟒仔细商议对策，从水陆两路进攻，终于打败了叛军。骑虎难下意思：骑在老虎背上不能下来。比喻做一件事情继续下去有困难，但情况又不允许中途停止，陷于进退两难的境地。经典中国历史故事：按图索骥DuringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod,therewasamanintheStateofQinwhosenamewasSunYang.SunYangwasveryexpertinlookingathorsesandjudgingtheirworth.Whateverthehorsemightbe,hecouldtellwhetheritwasgoodorbadatfirstsight.PeoplecalledhimBoLe(BoLewasthenameofoneofthecelestialbodiesandwasfabledtobeinchargeofheavenlysteeds),andhewasoftenaskedto7 appraiseandselecthorses.春秋时候，秦国有个叫孙阳的人，擅长相马，无论什么样的马，他一眼就能分出优劣。他常常被人请去识马、选马，人们都称他为伯乐(“伯乐”本是天上的星名，据说负责管理天马)。Oneday,whenSunYangwaspassingaplace,anoldhorsepullingacartloadedwithsaltsuddenlyneighedtohimwithoutstopping.Hecamenear,andsawthatitwasahorsethatreallycouldcoverathousandLiaday,andthattheonlyproblemwithitwasthatitwasalittletooold.Theoldhorsewaspullingtheheavycartwithdifficultiesandhardships.SunYangfeltacutelythatthehorsewasreallyunjustlytreated,foritmighthavebeenafinesteedgallopingonthebattlefield.Itwasagreatpitythatitwaspullingthecartloadedwithsaltwithoutattractingpublicattention,whichhadtakentheedgeoffitsspiritandconsumeditsenergy.Whenhethoughtofthis,hewassogrievedthatheshedtears.有一次，孙阳路过一个地方，忽见一匹拖着盐车的老马冲他叫个不停，走近一看，原来是匹千里马，只是年龄稍大了点。老马拉着车艰难地走着，孙阳觉得太委屈了这匹千里马，它本是可以奔跑于疆场，可以发挥更大作用的宝马良驹，现在却默默无闻地拖着盐车，慢慢地消耗着它的锐气和体力，实在可惜！孙阳想到这里，难过得落下泪来。InordertohelpmorepeoplelearnhowtoappraisehorsessothatfinehorseswhichcouldcoverathousandLIadaywouldnolongerfall7 intooblivion,andalsoinordertoensurethathisuniqueskillinjudginghorseswouldnotbelost,SunYangworteabookentitledTheArtofLookingatHorsesandJudgingTheirWorth,basedonhisexperiencesandknowledgeaccumulatedovertheyears.Thebookwasalsoillustratedwiththepicturesofvarioushorses.为了让更多的人学会相马，使千里马不再被埋没，也为了自己一身绝技不至于失传，孙阳把自己多年积累的相马经验和知识写成了一本书，配上各种马的形态图，书名叫《相马经》。SunYanghadasonwho,afterreadinghisfather'sTheArtofLookingatHorsesandJudgingTheirWorth,thoughtitwasveryesaytoappraisehorses.Sohetookthebookwithhimtolookforfinehorseseverywhere.Atfirsthesearchedaccordingtothepicturesinthebook,andaccomplishednothing.Thenhesearchedaccordingtothecharacteristicsofatoadfitverywellthecharacteristicsdescribedinthebook.Sohehappilytookthetoadbackhome,andsaidtohisfather,"Father,IhavefoundahorsethatcancoverathousandLiaday,onlyitshoofsarenotgoodenough."Lookingatthetoad,SunYangdidnotknowwhetherheshouldlaughorcry.Knowingthathissonwasstupid,SunYangsaidhumourously."It'sapitythatthishorseistoofondofjumpingtopullacart."Thenhesighed,"Thatisjustwhatwecalllookingforasteedwiththeaidofitspicture."7 孙阳有个儿子，7