虚拟语气,英语语法_1 30页

虚拟语气,英语语法篇一：英语语法虚拟语气知识点虚拟语气1.表示现在/过去/将来情况的虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主要有三种结构：1)表示与现在情况相反：主句谓语用“would/could/might+动词原形”，从句谓语用“动词的一般过去时”（动词be的过去式一律用were）。IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotaccepthisoffer.IfIhadtime,Iwouldcertainlygotothecinemawithyou.2)表示与过去情况相反：主句谓语用“would/could/might+have+过去分词”，从句谓语用过去完成时。 IfIhadgotupalittleearlier,Iwouldn’thavemissedthetrain.IfIhadbeenmorecareful,Imighthavepassedthatexam.3)表示与将来情况相反：主句谓语用“would/could/might+动词原形”，从句谓语用“were+动词不定式”或“should+动词原形”。IfIweretodothejob,Iwouldnotbeabletohaveenoughtimetostudy.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,Iwouldnotgooutwithyou.2.虚拟条件句连接词if的省略如果虚拟条件句的从句中含有were,had,should,could等词时，可以省略连接词if，但这时必须把were,had,should,could等词移到主语前面，形成倒装。这种句型主要用于书面形式。WereItodothejob,Iwould finishdoingitwithintwoweeks.Haditnotbeenforhishelp,wecouldn’thavearrivedthereontime.Shoulditraintomorrow,Iwouldstayathome.3.wish后宾语从句中的谓语构成动词wish后的宾语从句表示未实现的或不可能实现的愿望，其宾语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，有以下三种构成形式。1)表示现在不可能实现的愿望，宾语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时。（be的过去式为were）。IwishIhadenoughmoneytobuyacar.IwishIwereasyoungandenergeticasyou.2)表示过去未能实现的愿望，宾语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时（had+过去分词）或“would/could+have +过去分词”。IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.IwishIcouldhavedoneitbetter.3)表示将来不可能实现的愿望，宾语从句中的谓语动词用“would/should(could,might)+动词原形”。IwishIwouldnotgetold.IwishIcouldtravelaroundtheworldoneday.4.某些动词后的宾语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气在一些动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气。这时，谓语动词用动词原形或should+动词原形。这类动词一般表示命令，要求，决定，建议，主张等概念，主要有：advise,ask,command,decide,demand,desire,direct,insist,move,order,propose,recommend,request,require,suggest,等。 Theworkersdemandedthattheirwages(should)beraisedby10percent.Theteacherdecidedthatyoudotheexperimentfirst.5.某些名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气在一些名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气。这时，谓语动词用动词原形或should+动词原形。这类名词一般表示命令，要求，决定，建议，主张等概念，主要有：advice,idea,instruction,motion,order,plan,proposal,recommendation,request,requirement,suggestion,等。Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)sendforadoctorimmediately.Hegavetheorderthatthey(should)dotheexperimentagain. 6.错综时间条件句条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作，有时发生的时间是不一致的.如从句是对过去情况的假设，而主句可能是对现在正在进行情况的假设。这种句子称为错综时间条件句.Iftheweatherhadbeenmorefavourable,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.7.某些主语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气某些表示命令，要求，决定，建议，主张以及“重要性”和“紧迫性”等概念的主语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。这时，谓语动词用动词原形或should+动词原形。这类主语从句一般由“Itis(was)+形容词／过去分词+that引导的从句”构成。该结构中，常用的形容词主要有：advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,imperative,important,necessary,obligatory,proper,urgent,vital等；常用的过去分词主要有：arranged,decided,demanded,desired,ordered,proposed,recommended,requested,suggested等。Itisnecessarythatyou(should)stopsmokingso heavily.Itisarrangedthatyou(should)enterforthiscompetition.8.asif/though引起的从句当asif/though引起的从句所表达的内容完全与实际情况相反或者纯粹是一种假设时，通常要用虚拟语气。如果从句表示与现在的事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；如果从句表示与过去的事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时；如果从句表示与将来的事实相反，谓语动词用would(might,could)+动词原形；Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.Irememberthewholethingasifithappenedyesterday.Itlooksasifitmightrain.Note:如果asif/ though引起的从句所表达的内容被看作是事实或者有可能是真实的，则要用陈述语气。Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.Themeattastesasifithasalreadygonebad.9.lest,forfearthat和incase引起的从句当lest,forfearthat和incase表示“以免，以防，生怕，惟恐”等时，在它们引起的从句中，谓语动词常用should+动词原形。Heranawaylestheshouldbeseen.He’sworkinghardforfearthatheshouldfallbehind.Heleftearlyincaseheshouldmissthelasttrain.10.Ifonly引出的从句If only引出的从句用以表达感叹性的愿望，常译为“要是…就好了”。Ifonly从句经常省略结果主句，且主要用在虚拟语气中，即从句的谓语动词用一般过去时表示现在或将来不可能实现的愿望，或用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望。Ifonlytherainwouldstop.IfonlyI’dlistenedtomyparents.Note:ifonly引出的句子偶尔也可使用陈述语气，但考生须注意的是，在各类测试中一般都以用虚拟语气为正确答案。11.wouldrather（that）引出的从句wouldrather意为“宁愿”，接从句时常省略关系代词that。wouldrather后的从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。I’dratheryoutoldmethetruth.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrowthantoday. I’dratheryouhadn’ttoldmeaboutit.12.Itis(about/high)time(that)句型该句型表示“（早）该做…”，其后的定语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气表示。在测试中从句的谓语动词用一般过去时。Itistimethatwewenttobed.Itishightimethatsomebodytaughtyoutobehaveyourself.13.表示猜测的几种不同的方法及意义一些情态动词与动词的完成式连用能够表示对过去情况的猜测或者未实现的可能性。1)couldhave+过去分词A.表示对过去可能发生的事情的推测，意为，“可能做了某事”。 Hecouldn’thaveseenheryesterday.Theycouldhavelosttheirway.B.表示某事在过去本有可能发生，但事实上并未发生，意为，“本可以做某事”。Wecouldhavestartedalittleearlier.Icouldhavekilledher.Itwasanarrowescape.2)may(might)have+过去分词A.表示对过去情况的推测，意为，“可能已做某事”。Hemayhaveheardthenews.Imighthavecometoawrongconclusion.B.表示一种未实现的可能性，即本可以做某事，而实际上并没有做，有时含有抱怨的口吻。Itwasanarrowescape.Youmighthavekilledyourself. Alotofmendiedwhomighthavebeensaved.3)musthave+过去分词表示逻辑上的必然性，即按照某些现象推断过去肯定发生过的某事。Shemusthavemadeabigmistake.Thecityatonetimemusthavebeenprosperous,foritenjoyedahighlevelofcivilization.4)needn’thave+过去分词表示过去不必做某事，但已经做了，即本可不必做某事。Youneedn’thavewokenmeup.Idon’thavetogotoworktoday.Heneedn’thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain. 5)should/oughttohave+过去分词表示过去应该做某事而实际上没有做。Youshould/oughttohavedonewhatyourparentstoldyou.(Butyoufailedtodoit.)Youshould/oughttohavebeenmorecareful.(Butyouweren’t.)6)shouldn’t/oughtn’ttohave+过去分词表示过去不应该做某事而实际上却做了。Youshouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavecrossedtheroadwhenthelightswerered.(Butyoudid.)Theyshouldn’t/oughtn’ttohaveleftsosoon.(Buttheydid.)7)wouldhave+过去分词 表示对现在或将来某时之前业已完成的动作的推测。可译为，“可能”、“也许”、“想必”。Hewouldhavearrivedbynow.ShewouldhaverecoveredbythenCET4最终精选总结，一周可以复习完单词篇：100个六级高频词，四级必考词1acceleratevt.(使)加速，增速一、~~~the+~est+名词+(that)+主词+haveever+seen(known/heard/had/read,etc)~~~themost+形容词+名词+(that)+主词+haveever+seen(known/heard/had/read,etc) 例句：HelenisthemostbeautifulgirlthatIhaveeverseen.海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。Mr.ChangisthekindestteacherthatIhaveeverhad.张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。二、Nothingis+~~~erthanto+VNothingis+more+形容词+thanto+V例句：Nothingismoreimportantthantoreceiveeducation.篇二：高中英语语法-虚拟语气全总结虚拟语气用法总结大全一．虚拟语气在非真实条件句中二．虚拟语气在名词从句中 1.在由suggest,demand,require,request,insist,order,command,propose等表示建议、请求、命令、愿望等动词或其同根词引出的名词从句中，名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条规律——名词从句虚拟句无论其主句的谓语动词时何种形式，从句的谓语形式均为should+动词原形，其中should可以省去。（特别三．虚拟语气的其他用法省一．虚拟语气在非真实条件句中1.—Ifthetraffichadntbeensoheavy,Icouldhavebeenbackby6oclock.—Whatapity!Tina______heretoseeyou.(2021湖南) A.isB.wasC.wouldbeD.hasbeen2.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI______inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.(2021上海)A.wouldnthavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall3.Hehesitated（犹豫）foramomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe______agoal.(2021上海春)A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored4.Youdidntletmedrive.Ifwe_____inturn,you_____sotired.(NMET96)A.drove;didntgetB.drove;wouldntget C.weredriving;wouldntgetD.haddriven;wouldnthavegot5.Ididntseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe______,shewouldhavemetmybrother.(1994全国)A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome6.-----Ifhe__________,he__________thatfood.------Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.(MET93)A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;wouldnothavetakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken7.Ifit_____forthesnow,we_____themountainyesterday.(MET91) A.werenot;couldhaveclimbedB.werenot;couldclimbC.hadnotbeen;couldhaveclimbedD.hadnotbeen;couldclimb8.Withoutelectricityhumanlife____quitedifferenttoday.(MET91)A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe11.---Pityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution.---Iit,butIwasbusypreparingforajobinterview.(福建34’)A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattended12.I_______throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.(陕西22’) A.couldn’thavegoneB.didn’tgoC.wouldn’tgoD.hadn’tgone13.I______soonerbutIdidn’tknowthattheywerewaitingforme.(天津15’)A.hadcomeB.wascomingC.wouldcomeD.wouldhavecome14.Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butIfullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.A.wereB.hadbeenC.havebeenD.was（2021浙江）A.wouldhavebeensavedB.hadbeensavedC.willbesavedD.wassaved 17.----Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.----Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmy（2021北京）A.wouldn’tdieB.didn’tdieC.hadn’tdiedD.wouldn’thavedied18.Ifwetheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.(2021湖南)A.followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollow20.Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifit_______breakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.(09天津15)A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD. might21.------Didyougotohisweddingceremonyyesterday?-------No.ButIwouldifIhadbeenfree.(改错)二．虚拟语气在名词从句中1.—Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.—Iwishtheyalwayslate.（北京28’）A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.wouldn’thavebeen2.______intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.(05上海)A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires 3.——Dontyouthinkitnecessarythathe______toMiamibuttoNewYork?——Iagree,buttheproblemis______hehasrefusedto.(2021江苏)A.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsend;what4.①Thechairmansuggestedthatthemeeting_________________(putoff)untilthenextweek.②Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathe____________(be)angrywithwhatyoudid.5.Thankyouforallyourhardworklastweek.Idon’tthinkwe（08山东）A.canmanageB.couldhavemanagedC.couldmanageD.canhavemanaged 6.Thedoctorrecommendedthatyou____swimaftereatingalargemeal.A.wouldn’tB.couldn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t(09浙江13)7.①Themaninprisoninsistedthathe_________nothingwrongand_________setfree.A.haddone,shouldbeB.shoulddo,shouldbeC.haddone,hadbeenD.shoulddo,hadbeen②Thepatientinsistedthathe_________illand_________tothehospital.A.wasn’t,wasn’tsentC.shouldn’tbe,wasn’tsentB.wasn’t,shouldn’tbesentD.shouldn’tbe,shouldn’tbesent8.Theworkersdemandedthattheirwages＿＿＿by20percent. A.raisedB.raiseC.shouldhavebeenraisedD.beraised9.Atthemeetingeverybodywasagainsthissuggestionthatanewbridge＿＿＿overtheriver.A.bebuiltB.mustbebuiltC.wastobebuiltD.hadtobebuilt10.Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagerthatradios＿＿＿after11o’clockatnight.A.werenotplayedB.notbeplayedC.nottoplayD.didnotplay11.Itisessential(必要的，重要的)thatthebooksyouborrowedfromthelibrary＿＿＿backbeforethedeadline(截止日期). A.besentB.wouldbesentC.weresentD.mustbesent三．虚拟语气的其他用法1.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyI＿＿＿youradvice.A.followB.hadfollowedC.wouldfollowD.havefollowed2.Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesunsheat,theearthatnight______,toocoldforustolive.(97上海)A.wouldbefreezingcoldB.willbefreezingcoldlyC.wouldbefrozencoldD.canfreezecoldly3.Itisnecessary＿＿＿thedictionaryimmediately.A.thathewillreturnB.thathereturnedC.thathe returnD.thathehastoreturn4.It’salreadyfiveo’clocknow.Doyouthinkit’sabouttime＿＿＿?A.wearegoinghomeB.wegohomeC.wewenthomeD.wecangohome5.It‘shightimeyou＿＿＿thatyouarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworldA.realizedB.haverealizedC.realizeD.shouldberealizing6.Youdon’thavetobeinsuchahurry.Iwouldratheryou＿＿＿onbusinessfirst.A.wouldgoB.willgoC.wentD.havegone7.Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhe A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocused（2021江苏）8.Ihavewatchedthatmovie——it’llgivemehorribledreams.A.shouldn’tB.needn’tC.couldn’tD.mustn’t（2021山东）9.Butfortheirhelp,we___theprogramintime.(09安徽34)A.cannotfinishB.willnotfinishC.hadnotfinishedD.couldnothavefinished10.ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,I____thefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.A.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewon(09福建35)（08江西） A.needhavedoneB.musthavedoneC.canhavedoneD.mighthavedone12.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatshe_____sing,Iwouldinvitehertotheparty.(2021福建)A.couldn’tB.couldC.can’tD.mightnot13.______fired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswouldbeimmediatelycutoff.(2021湖北)A.WouldyoubeB.ShouldyoubeC.CouldyoubeD.Mightyoube14.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit______.(1995全国)A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken15.______forthefreetickets,Iwouldnothave gonetothefilmsoften.(1995上海)A.IfitisnotB.WereitnotC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot16.Whatwouldhavehappened_________,asfarastheriverbank?(NMET2021上海)A.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherC.ifBobwalkedfarther篇三：英语语法之虚拟语气虚拟语气《虚拟语气,英语语法》